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A city may have separate agencies responsible for roads, drains, sewerage, lakes, building permissions, land records, transport and disaster response.
If these agencies do not share data or coordinate, one department may construct a road that blocks drainage designed by another.
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Exam map
Syllabus & Relevance
Paper: GS-2
Theme: Polity & Governance
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Quick base
Static Foundation
Institutional fragmentation is therefore a major cause of urban vulnerability.
Urban flooding should be managed at the catchment level, not simply street-by-street.
Water does not follow municipal departmental boundaries.
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