📌 Why in News?
Urban infrastructure is traditionally designed using historical rainfall return periods.
Climate change introduces non-stationarity: historical patterns may no longer reliably represent future extremes.
🎯
Exam map
Syllabus & Relevance
Paper: GS-3
Theme: Environment
🏛️
Quick base
Static Foundation
Drainage designed for yesterday's rainfall intensity may therefore be undersized.
Cities need periodic revision of Intensity-Duration-Frequency curves based on newer climate projections.
🎯
Rapid revision
Prelims Quick Facts
Prelims facts will be updated soon.